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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
چارچوبشکن
This chapter primarily relies on linguistic discourse analysis by examining the presence of reflexive speech features such as frame breaks (O'Connor 2000), axiom markers and metaphors (Adams, Towns, and Gavey [1995] 2003), verb choices, pronoun shifts (O'Connor 2000), lists (Schiffrin 1988), enactments of dialogue (Tannen 1989), generalizations, exaggerations, and even vagueness in autobiographical narratives.
In the following example we see a significant contemplative frame break where Kingston drops the action scene and relates a recall of contemplation of the action.
In O'Connor (2000, 3) I note "frame breaks provide moments of epistemic consideration for thinking about what one knows."
Here, the mental action is depicted in a long retrospective frame break in which Kingston overtly uses metadiscourse to speak about the words he chooses; he notes humorously and with actual laughter "hhhh" (line 109) the idea of seeing one's life pass before one's eyes at a moment of danger and specifically terms it a cliché as he seeks verification with his several statements of "you know" and assigns verification through his "people think this" (line 110) phrasing.
The opponent's action is repeated and restated in clear past tense verbs using synonyms to the effect that the man's shot missed, the gun jammed and misfired, all of which reestablish the action scene, moving forward from the contemplations in the frame break.
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